Information
Room No:
CY503
+91-870-246
samimsardar@nitw.ac.in
https://sites.google.com/view/ss-research-group-nitw/home
Bio Sketch
Key Notes
- Journal(s): 53
- Book Chapter(s): 2
- PhD: Current - 1
- Event(s) Organized: FDP - 1
55
PUBLICATIONS1
DOCTORAL STUDENT1
PROJECTResearch Areas
Experimental Physical Chemistry/Spectroscopy
Light Harvesting Materials
Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis
Optoelectronics
Photophysics of Emerging Materials
Physical Chemistry of Biotic/Abiotic Interface
Ultrafast Spectroscopy
EDUCATION QUALIFICATION
| Degree | Institute | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Post-Doctoral Fellow | Linköping University, Sweden | 2019 |
| Doctor of Philosophy | S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS), Kolkata | 2017 |
| Master of Science | Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IITD) | 2012 |
| Bachelor of Science | Scottish Church College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata | 2010 |
COURSES HANDLED
| Course | L-T-P | Credit | Degree Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Chemistry(CYI311) | 3-0-0 | 3 | UG |
| Engineering Chemistry(CY1161) | 3-0-2 | 4 | UG |
| Inorganic Chemistry - I(CY3201) | 3-0-2 | 4 | UG |
| Fundamental Methods of Chemical Analysis(CY395) | 3-0-0 | 3 | UG |
| Physical Chemistry - I(CY3202) | 3-0-2 | 4 | UG |
PUBLICATIONS
Journal(s)
Revealing molecular mechanisms of photosynthetic light harvesting with ultrafast optical spectroscopy,
By Samim Sardar, Mattia Russo, Ariel García Fleitas, Franco VA Camargo, Margherita Maiuri, Cosimo D'Andrea, Giulio Cerullo,
IOP Publishing,
Journal of Physics: Photonics,
vol.8,
pp.012002,
2026
Optical Characterization of 3D Bio-Hybrid Actuators,
By Andrea Pianetti, Ilaria Venturino, Giulia Simoncini, Samim Sardar, Ludovico Aloisio, Paola Moretti, Giuseppe Maria Paternò, Chiara Bertarelli, Cosimo D'Andrea, Guglielmo Lanzani,
Scilight,
Photochemistry and Spectroscopy,
vol.2,
pp.4,
2026
Probing the Effect of Mutations on Light Harvesting in CP29 by Transient Absorption and First-Principles Simulations,
By Piermarco Saraceno, Samim Sardar, Roberto Caferri, Franco VA Camargo, Luca Dall’Osto, Cosimo D’Andrea, Roberto Bassi, Lorenzo Cupellini, Giulio Cerullo, Benedetta Mennucci,
American Chemical Society,
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,
vol.15,
pp.6398-6408,
2024
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Chlorophyll-Binding Sites Modulates Excited-State Lifetime and Chlorophyll–Xanthophyll Energy Transfer in the Monomeric Light-Harvesting Complex CP29,
By Samim Sardar, Roberto Caferri, Franco VA Camargo, Stefano Capaldi, Alberto Ghezzi, Luca Dall’Osto, Cosimo D’Andrea, Giulio Cerullo, Roberto Bassi,
American Chemical Society,
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,
vol.15,
pp.3149-3158,
2024
Influence of structural colour on the photoprotective mechanism in the gametophyte phase of the red alga Chondrus crispus,
By Ariel García Fleitas, Samim Sardar*, Margot Minju Arnould-Pétré, Maria Murace, Silvia Vignolini, Juliet Brodie, Guglielmo Lanzani, Cosimo d'Andrea*,
The Royal Society,
Journal of The Royal Society Interface,
vol.21,
pp.20230676,
2024
Photosystem II monomeric antenna CP26 plays a key role in nonphotochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas,
By Stefano Cazzaniga, Minjae Kim, Matteo Pivato, Federico Perozeni, Samim Sardar, Cosimo D’Andrea, EonSeon Jin, Matteo Ballottari,
Oxford University Press,
Plant Physiology,
vol.193,
pp.1365-1380,
2023
Role of Efficient Charge Transfer at the Interface between Mixed-Phase Copper-Cuprous Oxide and Conducting Polymer Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Water Splitting,
By Srabanti Ghosh, Susmita Bera, Samim Sardar, Sourabh Pal, Franco VA Camargo, Cosimo D’Andrea, Giulio Cerullo,
American Chemical Society,
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
vol.15,
pp.18867-18877,
2023
Photothermomechanical Nanopump: A Flow-Through Plasmonic Sensor at the Fiber Tip,
By Nabarun Polley, Samim Sardar, Peter Werner, Ingo Gersonde, Yuya Kanehira, Ilko Bald, Daniel Repp, Thomas Pertsch, Claudia Pacholski,
American Chemical Society,
ACS Nano,
vol.17,
pp.1403-1413,
2023
Enhancement of Photoluminescence Properties via Polymer Infiltration in a Colloidal Photonic Glass,
By Andrea Chiappini, Davide Faccialà, Nina I Novikova, Samim Sardar, Cosimo D’Andrea, Guido Scavia, Chiara Botta, Tersilla Virgili,
MDPI,
Molecules,
vol.29,
pp.654,
2023
Toward Photoactive Wallpapers Based on ZnO‐Cellulose Nanocomposites,
By Naveed Ul Hassan Alvi, Neha Sepat, Samim Sardar, Magnus Berggren, Isak Engquist, Xavier Crispin,
Wiley,
Global Challenges,
vol.7,
pp.2300034,
2023
Ultrafast excited state dynamics of a fluorene derivative conjugated polymer,
By Samylla Boazegevski, Jeferson Ferreira de Deus, Denis Augusto Turchetti, Leni Campus Akcelrud, Samim Sardar, Cosimo D’Andrea, Franco VA Camargo, Giulio Cerullo, Giovanni Bressan, Stephen R Meech, Ismael A Heisler,
American Chemical Society,
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,
vol.127,
pp.11570-11578,
2023
Membrane order effect on the photoresponse of an organic transducer,
By Vito Vurro, Matteo Moschetta, Gaia Bondelli, Samim Sardar, Arianna Magni, Valentina Sesti, Giuseppe Maria Paternò, Chiara Bertarelli, Cosimo D’Andrea, Guglielmo Lanzani,
MDPI,
Membranes,
vol.13,
pp.538,
2023
Core–shell architecture in poly (3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles: tuning of the photophysical properties for enhanced neuronal photostimulation,
By Jonathan Barsotti, Sara Perotto, Andrea Candini, Elisabetta Colombo, Franco VA Camargo, Stefano Di Marco, Mattia Zangoli, Samim Sardar, Alex J Barker, Cosimo D’Andrea, Giulio Cerullo, Shlomo Rozen, Fabio Benfenati, Francesca Di Maria, Guglielmo Lanzani,
American Chemical Society,
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
vol.15,
pp.13472-13483,
2023
Molecular mechanisms of light harvesting in the minor antenna CP29 in near-native membrane lipidic environment,
By Samim Sardar, Roberto Caferri, Franco VA Camargo, Javier Pamos Serrano, Alberto Ghezzi, Stefano Capaldi, Luca Dall’Osto, Roberto Bassi, Cosimo D’Andrea, Giulio Cerullo,
AIP Publishing,
The Journal of Chemical Physics,
vol.156,
pp.205101,
2022
Resonant Enhancement of Polymer–Cell Optostimulation by a Plasmonic Metasurface,
By Arijit Maity, Sara Perotto, Matteo Moschetta, Huang Hua, Samim Sardar, Giuseppe Maria Paternò, Jingyi Tian, Maciej Klein, Giorgio Adamo, Guglielmo Lanzani, Cesare Soci,
American Chemical Society,
ACS omega,
vol.7,
pp.42674-42680,
2022
All-Polymer Microcavities for the Fluorescence Radiative Rate Modification of a Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative,
By Heba Megahd, Paola Lova, Samim Sardar, Cosimo D’Andrea, Andrea Lanfranchi, Beata Koszarna, Maddalena Patrini, Daniel T Gryko, Davide Comoretto,
American Chemical Society,
ACS omega,
vol.7,
pp.15499-15506,
2022
Azobenzene photoisomerization probes cell membrane viscosity,
By Arianna Magni, Gaia Bondelli, Giuseppe M Paternò, Samim Sardar, Valentina Sesti, Cosimo D’Andrea, Chiara Bertarelli, Guglielmo Lanzani,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,
vol.24,
pp.8716-8723,
2022
Dynamics of Two Distinct Exciton Populations in Methyl-Functionalized Germanane,
By Eugenio Cinquanta, Samim Sardar, Warren LB Huey, Caterina Vozzi, Joshua E Goldberger, Cosimo D’Andrea, Christoph Gadermaier,
American Chemical Society,
Nano Letters,
vol.22,
pp.1183-1189,
2021
Shedding light on thermally induced optocapacitance at the organic biointerfaceShedding light on thermally induced optocapacitance at the organic biointerface,
By Gaia Bondelli, Samim Sardar, Greta Chiaravalli, Vito Vurro, Giuseppe Maria Paternò, Guglielmo Lanzani, Cosimo D’Andrea,
American Chemical Society,
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,
vol.125,
pp.10748-10758,
2021
The Role of Acidic Residues in the C Terminal Tail of the LHCSR3 Protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in Non-Photochemical Quenching,
By Franco VA Camargo, Federico Perozeni, Gabriel de la Cruz Valbuena, Luca Zuliani, Samim Sardar, Giulio Cerullo, Cosimo D’Andrea, Matteo Ballottari,
American Chemical Society,
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,
vol.12,
pp.6895-6900,
2021
Noniridescent biomimetic photonic microdomes by inkjet printing,
By Ravi Shanker, Samim Sardar, Shangzhi Chen, Sampath Gamage, Stefano Rossi, Magnus P Jonsson,
American Chemical Society,
Nano Letters,
vol.20,
pp.7243-7250,
2020
Transparent nanocellulose metamaterial enables controlled optical diffusion and radiative cooling,
By Sampath Gamage, Evan SH Kang, Christina Åkerlind, Samim Sardar, Jesper Edberg, Hans Kariis, Thomas Ederth, Magnus Berggren, Magnus P Jonsson,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Journal of Materials Chemistry C,
vol.8,
pp.11687-11694,
2020
Dual amplified spontaneous emission and lasing from nanographene films,
By Rafael Muñoz-Mármol, Víctor Bonal, Giuseppe M Paternò, Aaron M Ross, Pedro G Boj, José M Villalvilla, José A Quintana, Francesco Scotognella, Cosimo D’Andrea, Samim Sardar, Guglielmo Lanzani, Yanwei Gu, Jishan Wu, María A Díaz-García,
MDPI,
Nanomaterials,
vol.10,
pp.1525,
2020
Structural coloration by inkjet-printing of optical microcavities and metasurfaces,
By Samim Sardar, Pawel Wojcik, Evan SH Kang, Ravi Shanker, Magnus P Jonsson,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Journal of Materials Chemistry C,
vol.7,
pp.8698-8704,
2019
Ultrafast dynamics in co-sensitized photocatalysts under visible and NIR light irradiation,
By Jayita Patwari, Arka Chatterjee, Samim Sardar, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,
vol.20,
pp.10418-10429,
2018
Strong plasmon–exciton coupling with directional absorption features in optically thin hybrid nanohole metasurfaces,
By Evan SH Kang, Shangzhi Chen, Samim Sardar, Daniel Tordera, Nerijus Armakavicius, Vanya Darakchieva, Timur Shegai, Magnus P Jonsson,
American Chemical Society,
ACS Photonics,
vol.5,
pp.4046-4055,
2018
Effect of phonon confinement on photoluminescence from colloidal silicon nanostructures,
By Ujjwal Ghanta, Mallar Ray, Susmita Biswas, Samim Sardar, Tuhin Kumar Maji, Samir Kumar Pal, Nil Ratan Bandyopadhyay, Bo Liu, Syed Minhaz Hossain,
Elsevier,
Journal of Luminescence,
vol.201,
pp.338-344,
2018
Infrared electrochromic conducting polymer devices,
By Robert Brooke, Evangelia Mitraka, Samim Sardar, Mats Sandberg, Anurak Sawatdee, Magnus Berggren, Xavier Crispin, Magnus P Jonsson,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Journal of Materials Chemistry C,
vol.5,
pp.5824-5830,
2017
Combating fuel-driven aqua-pollution using” benzomagnets “,
By Zaki S Seddigi, Saleh A Ahmed, Samim Sardar, Naeema H Yarkandi, Mohammed Abdulaziz, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
RSC Advances,
vol.7,
pp.12277-12282,
2017
Sensitized ZnO nanorod assemblies to detect heavy metal contaminated phytomedicines: spectroscopic and simulation studies,
By Damayanti Bagchi, Tuhin Kumar Maji, Samim Sardar, Peter Lemmens, Chinmoy Bhattacharya, Debjani Karmakar, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,
vol.19,
pp.2503-2513,
2017
Reduced graphene oxide supported hierarchical flower like manganese oxide as efficient electrocatalysts toward reduction and evolution of oxygen,
By Srabanti Ghosh, Prasenjit Kar, Nimai Bhandary, Suddhasatwa Basu, Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Samim Sardar, Samir Kumar Pal,
Elsevier,
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
vol.42,
pp.4111-4122,
2017
Photo-induced electronic properties in single quantum well system: effect of excitonic lifetime,
By Jayita Patwari, Hemant Ghadi, Samim Sardar, Jashan Singhal, Binita Tongbram, Sanjib Shyamal, Chinmoy Bhattacharya, Subhananda Chakrabarti, Samir Kumar Pal,
IOPscience,
Materials Research Express,
vol.4,
pp.016301,
2017
Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer,
By Jayita Patwari, Samim Sardar, Bo Liu, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Beilstein-Institut,
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology,
vol.8,
pp.1705-1713,
2017
Enhanced photovoltage in DSSCs: synergistic combination of a silver modified TiO 2 photoanode and a low cost counter electrode,
By Samim Sardar, Srabanti Ghosh, Hynd Remita, Prasenjit Kar, Bo Liu, Chinmoy Bhattacharya, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
RSC Advances,
vol.6,
pp.33433-33442,
2016
Photoinduced dynamics and toxicity of a cancer drug in proximity of inorganic nanoparticles under visible light,
By Siddhi Chaudhuri, Samim Sardar, Damayanti Bagchi, Shreyasi Dutta, Sushanta Debnath, Partha Saha, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Wiley,
ChemPhysChem,
vol.17,
pp.270-277,
2016
Microwave-assisted synthesis of porous Mn 2 O 3 nanoballs as bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction,
By Srabanti Ghosh, Prasenjit Kar, Nimai Bhandary, Suddhasatwa Basu, Samim Sardar, Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Dipanwita Majumdar, Swapan Kumar Bhattacharya, Asim Bhaumik, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Catalysis Science & Technology,
vol.6,
pp.1417-1429,
2016
Heterodimerization at the dye sensitized TiO2 surface: an efficient strategy toward quick removal of water contaminants,
By Zaki S Seddigi, Saleh A Ahmed, Samim Sardar, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences,
vol.15,
pp.920-927,
2016
Carbonate Doping in TiO2 Microsphere: The Key Parameter Influencing Others for Efficient Dye Sensitized Solar Cell,
By Zaki S Seddigi, Saleh A Ahmed, Samim Sardar, Samir Kumar Pal,
Nature Publishing Group,
Scientific Reports,
vol.6,
pp.23209,
2016
Ultrafast photoinduced carrier dynamics at ZnO nanohybrid interfaces for light-harvesting applications,
By Samim Sardar, Samir Kumar Pal,
De Gruyter,
Nanotechnology Reviews,
vol.5,
pp.113-134,
2016
Direct observation of electronic transition–plasmon coupling for enhanced electron injection in dye-sensitized solar cells,
By Prasenjit Kar, Tuhin Kumar Maji, Probir Kumar Sarkar, Samim Sardar, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
RSC advances,
vol.6,
pp.98753-98760,
2016
Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide–gold nanohybrid for potential use in industrial waste-water treatment,
By Prasenjit Kar, Samim Sardar, Bo Liu, Monjoy Sreemany, Peter Lemmens, Srabanti Ghosh, Samir Kumar Pal,
Taylor & Francis,
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials,
vol.17,
pp.375-386,
2016
Enhanced charge separation and FRET at heterojunctions between semiconductor nanoparticles and conducting polymer nanofibers for efficient solar light harvesting,
By Samim Sardar, Prasenjit Kar, Hynd Remita, Bo Liu, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal, Srabanti Ghosh,
Nature Publishing Group ,
Scientific reports,
vol.5,
pp.17313,
2015
Sensitization of an endogenous photosensitizer: electronic spectroscopy of riboflavin in the proximity of semiconductor, insulator, and metal nanoparticles,
By Siddhi Chaudhuri, Samim Sardar, Damayanti Bagchi, Shib Shankar Singha, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
American Chemical Society,
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,
vol.119,
pp.4162-4169,
2015
Interfacial carrier dynamics in PbS-ZnO light harvesting assemblies and their potential implication in photovoltaic/photocatalysis application,
By Samim Sardar, Prasenjit Kar, Soumik Sarkar, Peter Lemmens, SK Pal,
Elsevier,
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,
vol.134,
pp.400-406,
2015
Modulation of stability and functionality of a phyto-antioxidant by weakly interacting metal ions: curcumin in aqueous solution,
By Damayanti Bagchi, Siddhi Chaudhuri, Samim Sardar, Susobhan Choudhury, Nabarun Polley, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
RSC Advances,
vol.5,
pp.102516-102524,
2015
Nano surface engineering of Mn 2 O 3 for potential light-harvesting application,
By Prasenjit Kar, Samim Sardar, Srabanti Ghosh, Manas R Parida, Bo Liu, Omar F Mohammed, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Journal of Materials Chemistry C,
vol.3,
pp.8200-8211,
2015
Facile synthesis of Pd nanostructures in hexagonal mesophases as a promising electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation,
By Srabanti Ghosh, Hynd Remita, Prasenjit Kar, Susobhan Choudhury, Samim Sardar, Patricia Beaunier, Partha Sarathi Roy, Swapan Kumar Bhattacharya, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
vol.3,
pp.9517-9527,
2015
Direct observation of key photoinduced dynamics in a potential nano-delivery vehicle of cancer drugs,
By Samim Sardar, Siddhi Chaudhuri, Prasenjit Kar, Soumik Sarkar, Peter Lemmens, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,
vol.17,
pp.166-177,
2015
Ultrafast dynamics at the zinc phthalocyanine/zinc oxide nanohybrid interface for efficient solar light harvesting in the near red region,
By Zaki S Seddigi, Saleh A Ahmed, Samim Sardar, Samir Kumar Pal,
Elsevier,
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,
vol.143,
pp.63-71,
2015
The impact of central metal ions in Porphyrin functionalized ZnO/TiO2 for enhanced solar energy conversion,
By Samim Sardar, Prasenjit Kar, Samir Kumar Pal,
The ScienceIN Publishing,
Journal of Materials NanoScience,
vol.1,
pp.12-30,
2014
Impact of Metal Ions in Porphyrin‐Based Applied Materials for Visible‐Light Photocatalysis: Key Information from Ultrafast Electronic Spectroscopy,
By Prasenjit Kar, Samim Sardar, Erkki Alarousu, Jingya Sun, Zaki S Seddigi, Saleh A Ahmed, Ekram Y Danish, Omar F Mohammed, Samir Kumar Pal,
WILEY‐VCH,
Chemistry–A European Journal,
vol.20,
pp.10475-10483,
2014
Modulation of defect-mediated energy transfer from ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of bilirubin,
By Tanujjal Bora, Karthik K Lakshman, Soumik Sarkar, Abhinandan Makhal, Samim Sardar, Samir K Pal, Joydeep Dutta,
Beilstein-Institut,
Beilstein Journal of nanotechnology,
vol.4,
pp.714-725,
2013
Role of central metal ions in hematoporphyrin-functionalized titania in solar energy conversion dynamics,
By Samim Sardar, Soumik Sarkar, Myo Tay Zar Myint, Salim Al-Harthi, Joydeep Dutta, Samir Kumar Pal,
Royal Society of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,
vol.15,
pp.18562-18570,
2013
Book Chapter(s)
Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures Characterization
By Samim Sardar, Srabanti Ghosh in
Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications,
WILEY VCH GmbH,
10.1002/9783527820115,
2021
Engineering FRET-based solar cells: manipulation of energy and electron transfer processes in a light harvesting assembly
By Soumik Sarkar, Samim Sardar, Abhinandan Makhal, Joydeep Dutta, Samir Kumar Pal in
High-Efficiency Solar Cells: Physics, Materials, and Devices,
Springer International Publishing,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01988-8_10,
2013
PROJECT / CONSULTANCY
Synthesis and photophysical characterization of nanohybrids for sustainable solar-driven water splitting
Role:
Principal Investigator
Type: Research
Sponsor: NITW-Research Seed Grant (RSG)
Project Cost (INR): 500000
Date of Commencement: 10-12-2025
Duration: 12 Months
Status: Ongoing
Type: Research
Sponsor: NITW-Research Seed Grant (RSG)
Project Cost (INR): 500000
Date of Commencement: 10-12-2025
Duration: 12 Months
Status: Ongoing
RESEARCH FELLOWS / PhD STUDENTS
Current PhD Students
Samormi Sanyal
Area of Research:
Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Microscopy
CONFERENCE / WORKSHOP / SYMPOSIUM / SHORT TERM COURSE / FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
5-Day Online FDP on “Advances in Functional Materials for Sustainable Technologies”
09-Mar-2026
→
13-Mar-2026
Event Type:
Faculty Development Programme
Role: Coordinator
Funding Agency: Self‑sponsored
Role: Coordinator
Funding Agency: Self‑sponsored
AWARDS AND ACCOLADES
2021
‘Seal of Excellence’ for Marie-Curie-IF-2020
2017
Postdoc Scholarship,Linköping University 2017
2012
GATE, 2012
CSIR-UGC NET-2012
2010
IIT-JAM, 2010
ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
- Professor In-charge (PIC)-Departmental information (Continuing from January, 2026)
Last updated on March 28, 2026